COURSE MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING BASIC KNOWLEDGE

COURSE MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING BASIC KNOWLEDGE

Material Classification Techniques:

Broadly speaking engineering materials can be classified into:

1. Material metal

2. Nonmetallic Materials

Based on the chemical composition of metals and alloys can be divided into two groups, namely:

1. Metal ferrous / ferrous

2. Metals non ferrous / non-ferrous

Ferrous metals are metals and alloys containing iron (Fe) as a main element.

Non-ferrous metals is a materiality that contain little or no iron. In the world of mechanical engineering, metals (mainly ferrous metals / steel) is the most widely used material, but other materials also can not be ignored. Non-metallic materials are often used because of the materiality has distinctive features that are not owned by the metal material.

Non-metallic materials can be divided into several categories, namely:

1. Ceramic

2. Plastic (polymer)

3. Composite

The ceramic material is a material formed from the compound (compound) between one or more metal elements (including Si and Ge) with one or more non-metallic elements. ceramic type material is increasingly being used, from a variety of abrasives, cutting chisel, refractory stone, glass, and others, even rocket technology and space flight is in need of ceramic.

Plastic (polymer) material is a result of human engineering, is a very long-chain molecules and molecules that bind to each other MER. The use of plastic is also very wide, from household appliances, car interior, cabinet radio / television, until construction machinery.

Composite material is the result of a combination of two or more materials, that is very different from the properties of each material origin. Composite addition is made of the results of human engineering, also can occur naturally, such as wood, which is composed of cellulose fibers which are in a matrix of lignin. Composites is currently widely used in aircraft construction, as have the nature of light, strong and non magnetic.

Mechanical properties are properties that express the ability of a material / component for receiving the load, force and energy without causing damage to materials / components.

Some important mechanical properties, among others:

1. Strength (strength)

Is the ability of a material to receive the voltage without causing material be broken. Based on the type of work load, the power is divided into several types namely tensile strength, shear strength, compressive strength, torsion strength and bending strength.

2. Rigidity (stiffness)

Is the ability of a material to receive the voltage / load without causing deformation or difleksi.

3. elasticity (elasticity)

Meterial defined as the ability to receive voltage without resulting in permanent deformation after the voltage is removed, or in other words the ability of a material to return to its original size and shape after being deformed (deformation).

4. plasticity (plasticity)

The ability of a material to undergo plastic deformation (permanent deformation) without sustaining damage. The material has high plasticity is said to be a resilient material (ductile), while materials having low plasticity of the material is said to be brittle (brittle).

5. Tenacity (ductility)

Is sutu material properties described bleak cable with a tensile strength applications. The ductile material must be strong and flexible. Tenacity is typically measured with a given period, the percentage of strain. This property is usually used in perteknikan midwives, and materials that have these properties include soft iron, copper, aluminum, nickel, etc.

6. toughness (toughness)

Is a material's ability to absorb some of the energy without causing any damage.

7. brittleness (brittleness)

Is a material that has properties opposite to ductility properties. This fragility is a rupture properties of a material with a slight shift permanent. The material is also fragile, subject to tensile load, without giving too much of strain. Examples of materials that have the properties of this fragility is cast iron.

8. Fatigue (fatigue)

Is the tendency of the metal to be broken when receiving alternating load (dynamic load), the amount is still well below the elastic stiffness.

 

9. stretchy (creep)

Is the tendency of a metal to plastic deformation when loading the relative magnitude is still being done in a long time at a high temperature.

10. Violence (hardness)

A material resistance to compression or indentation / penetration. This relates to the nature of wear resistant properties (wear resistance) is the resistance of a material to scratching or abrasion.

load

Defined as an external force that supports sutau part of the machine. The load consists of three types, namely:

 fixed expenses (steady load), said fixed load when the load